Choking the Trees to Death

A few years later, climbing plants were alreadycould reckon with nothing save the goal of victory.
choking the trees to death and transforming the newSuch activity could not be reconciled with the normal
forest into a tropical jungle complete with orchids,routine of great colonies of birds carrying on their life
butterflies, snakes, and numberless birds and bats, andcycles in vast isolation. Into this peaceful avian picture
with a small lake. Krakatoa became a naturalist'scame man and his machines.. Then, one day, the
paradise; the Dutch made it a Nature reserve andscientists discovered that still another sort of life was
allowed no one but accredited scientists to set foot onstirring on Krakatoa-life in the earth itself. The old
the island. The naturalists worked out a completevolcano was not dead.
inventory of life on Krakatoa. They counted theDeep down under its rocky foundations a pocket of
steadily growing number of new arrivals and observedlava were seeking an outlet for its energies. The
how they lived with each other and fought each other.bottom of the inland sea was heaving and buckling
Then, one day, the scientists discovered that stillagain. A submarine cone was building up; on January
another sort of life was stirring on Krakatoa-life in the26, 1928, it broke the surface and showed its top, a
earth itself. The old volcano was not dead.flat, ugly island a few hundred feet across, which the
Deep down under its rocky foundations a pocket ofwaves washed away a few days later. A year
lava were seeking an outlet for its energies. Thepassed. Then, suddenly, not far from the place where
bottom of the inland sea was heaving and bucklingDanan and Perboewatan had first appeared, a geyser
again. A submarine cone was building up; on Januarybegan to spout steam and ashes. Sulphurous fumes
26, 1928, it broke the surface and showed its top, awere drifting over the ocean. Again the sea was
flat, ugly island a few hundred feet across, which thecovered with dead fish floating belly-up. The scientists
waves washed away a few days later. A yearmeasured the temperature of the water a hundred
passed. Then, suddenly, not far from the place whereyards from the geyser. It was 30° F. warmer than
Danan and Perboewatan had first appeared, a geyserthe surrounding sea. The new geyser is still there. Its
began to spout steam and ashes. Sulphurous fumesidentity has been established; it is a portion of the
were drifting over the ocean. Again the sea wasancient crater rim with mud deposited on its top and
covered with dead fish floating belly-up. The scientistsflanks and a flue in its center-a safety valve for the
measured the temperature of the water a hundredstupendous pressure generated by the lava pocket
yards from the geyser. It was 30° F. warmer thanunderneath. The natives call the new volcano "Anak
the surrounding sea. The new geyser is still there. ItsKrakatoa," the "Child of Krakatoa." No name could be
identity has been established; it is a portion of themore ominous.
ancient crater rim with mud deposited on its top andNow that the guns are stilled and men fly on missions
flanks and a flue in its center-a safety valve for theof peace, the question arises as to what war did to
stupendous pressure generated by the lava pocketthe birds of sea, land and air in the Pacific. Much of the
underneath. The natives call the new volcano "Anakhavoc of war is indirect, and only a careful study can
Krakatoa," the "Child of Krakatoa." No name could bemeasure its total effect. However, on the basis of
more ominous.certain facts, plus experience and conjecture, we can
Now that the guns are stilled and men fly on missionsarrive at some conclusions. These are both interesting
of peace, the question arises as to what war did toand important. From time immemorial most of the
the birds of sea, land and air in the Pacific. Much of thecentral Pacific islands have been nesting places for
havoc of war is indirect, and only a careful study canmyriad sea birds. Guided by hereditary impulses, these
measure its total effect. However, on the basis ofbirds returned, year after year, to the island of their
certain facts, plus experience and conjecture, we canoriginal nest. There was virtually no month in the year in
arrive at some conclusions. These are both interestingwhich birds of some species were not on these
and important. From time immemorial most of theislands. These birds were threatened, in 1939, when
central Pacific islands have been nesting places fornaval bases were established on a number of
myriad sea birds. Guided by hereditary impulses, theselow-lying coral islands. Then came war itself, with the
birds returned, year after year, to the island of theirnecessity for speed and extensive development that
original nest. There was virtually no month in the year incould reckon with nothing save the goal of victory.
which birds of some species were not on theseSuch activity could not be reconciled with the normal
islands. These birds were threatened, in 1939, whenroutine of great colonies of birds carrying on their life
naval bases were established on a number ofcycles in vast isolation. Into this peaceful avian picture
low-lying coral islands. Then came war itself, with thecame man and his machines.
necessity for speed and extensive development that